Labeling of peroxisomes with green fluorescent protein in living P. pastoris cellsEZ Monosov, TJ Wenzel, GH Luers, JA Heyman and S Subramani Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA. We exploited the light-activated fluorescent properties of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) of the jellyfish Aequorea victoria for studies on the peroxisomal sorting of polypeptides. GFP and GFP-SKL (containing a C-terminal, tripeptide peroxisomal targeting signal, SKL) were expressed from a methanol-inducible, alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promoter in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. GFP was cytosolic, whereas the GFP-SKL fusion protein was targeted to peroxisomes, as demonstrated by biochemical fractionation of organelles on Nycodenz gradients. Neither GFP nor GFP-SKL affected the viability of yeast cells but both were fluorescent on excitation with 395-nm UV light. The subcellular locations of GFP and GFP-SKL in living yeast cells were monitored by fluorescence microscopy and their fluorescence was coupled to photo-oxidation of diaminobenzidine (DAB), resulting in the deposition of electron-dense oxidized DAB at intracellular locations of GFP derivatives. This photooxidation procedure permitted facile ultrastructural localization of GFP in cells by electron microscopy, and provided further evidence that GFP produced in P. pastoris is cytosolic, whereas GFP-SKL is peroxisomal. The GFP-SKL fusion protein is therefore a versatile reporter for the peroxisomal compartment, with many applications for studies involving peroxisomal import and biogenesis.
Volume 44,
Issue 6,
pp. 581-589,
06/01/1996
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A. Nenicu, G. H Luers, W. Kovacs, M. Bergmann, and E. Baumgart-Vogt Peroxisomes in Human and Mouse Testis: Differential Expression of Peroxisomal Proteins in Germ Cells and Distinct Somatic Cell Types of the Testis Biol Reprod, December 1, 2007; 77(6): 1060 - 1072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Kodama and H. Sano Evolution of a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein from a Transcriptional Repressor to a Plastid-resident Regulatory Factor: INVOLVEMENT IN HYPERSENSITIVE CELL DEATH IN TOBACCO PLANTS J. Biol. Chem., November 17, 2006; 281(46): 35369 - 35380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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T. Kofidis, J. L. de Bruin, G. Hoyt, D. R. Lebl, M. Tanaka, T. Yamane, C.-P. Chang, and R. C. Robbins Injectable bioartificial myocardial tissue for large-scale intramural cell transfer and functional recovery of injured heart muscle J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 2004; 128(4): 571 - 578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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G. Jedd and N.-H. Chua Visualization of Peroxisomes in Living Plant Cells Reveals Acto-Myosin-Dependent Cytoplasmic Streaming and Peroxisome Budding Plant Cell Physiol., April 15, 2002; 43(4): 384 - 392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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D. Hoepfner, M. van den Berg, P. Philippsen, H. F. Tabak, and E. H. Hettema A role for Vps1p, actin, and the Myo2p motor in peroxisome abundance and inheritance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae J. Cell Biol., December 10, 2001; 155(6): 979 - 990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. M. Torkko, K. T. Koivuranta, I. J. Miinalainen, A. I. Yagi, W. Schmitz, A. J. Kastaniotis, T. T. Airenne, A. Gurvitz, and K. J. Hiltunen Candida tropicalis Etr1p and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ybr026p (Mrf1'p), 2-Enoyl Thioester Reductases Essential for Mitochondrial Respiratory Competence Mol. Cell. Biol., September 15, 2001; 21(18): 6243 - 6253. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M Schrader, S. King, T. Stroh, and T. Schroer Real time imaging reveals a peroxisomal reticulum in living cells J. Cell Sci., January 10, 2000; 113(20): 3663 - 3671. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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W. B. Snyder, A. Koller, A. J. Choy, M. A. Johnson, J. M. Cregg, L. Rangell, G. A. Keller, and S. Subramani Pex17p Is Required for Import of Both Peroxisome Membrane and Lumenal Proteins and Interacts with Pex19p and the Peroxisome Targeting Signal-Receptor Docking Complex in Pichia pastoris Mol. Biol. Cell, December 1, 1999; 10(12): 4005 - 4019. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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H. D. Fahimi and E. Baumgart Current Cytochemical Techniques for the Investigation of Peroxisomes: A Review J. Histochem. Cytochem., October 1, 1999; 47(10): 1219 - 1232. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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A. Koller, W. B. Snyder, K. N. Faber, T. J. Wenzel, L. Rangell, G. A. Keller, and S. Subramani Pex22p of Pichia pastoris, Essential for Peroxisomal Matrix Protein Import, Anchors the Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzyme, Pex4p, on the Peroxisomal Membrane J. Cell Biol., July 12, 1999; 146(1): 99 - 112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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W. B. Snyder, K. N. Faber, T. J. Wenzel, A. Koller, G. H. Lüers, L. Rangell, G. A. Keller, and S. Subramani Pex19p Interacts with Pex3p and Pex10p and Is Essential for Peroxisome Biogenesis in Pichia pastoris Mol. Biol. Cell, June 1, 1999; 10(6): 1745 - 1761. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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M. A. Johnson, H. R. Waterham, G. P. Ksheminska, L. R. Fayura, J. L. Cereghino, O. V. Stasyk, M. Veenhuis, A. R. Kulachkovsky, A. A. Sibirny, and J. M. Cregg Positive Selection of Novel Peroxisome Biogenesis-Defective Mutants of the Yeast Pichia pastoris Genetics, April 1, 1999; 151(4): 1379 - 1391. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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J. Broers, B. Machiels, G. van Eys, H. Kuijpers, E. Manders, R van Driel, and F. Ramaekers Dynamics of the nuclear lamina as monitored by GFP-tagged A-type lamins J. Cell Sci., January 10, 1999; 112(20): 3463 - 3475. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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G. Lametschwandtner, C. Brocard, M. Fransen, P. Van Veldhoven, J. Berger, and A. Hartig The Difference in Recognition of Terminal Tripeptides as Peroxisomal Targeting Signal 1 between Yeast and Human Is Due to Different Affinities of Their Receptor Pex5p to the Cognate Signal and to Residues Adjacent to It J. Biol. Chem., December 11, 1998; 273(50): 33635 - 33643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Gurvitz, A. M. Mursula, A. Firzinger, B. Hamilton, S. H. Kilpelainen, A. Hartig, H. Ruis, J. K. Hiltunen, and H. Rottensteiner Peroxisomal Delta 3-cis-Delta 2-trans-Enoyl-CoA Isomerase Encoded by ECI1 Is Required for Growth of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Unsaturated Fatty Acids J. Biol. Chem., November 20, 1998; 273(47): 31366 - 31374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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F. Kragler, G. Lametschwandtner, J. Christmann, A. Hartig, and J. J. Harada Identification and analysis of the plant peroxisomal targeting signal 1 receptor NtPEX5 PNAS, October 27, 1998; 95(22): 13336 - 13341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Sakai, A. Koller, L. K. Rangell, G. A. Keller, and S. Subramani Peroxisome Degradation by Microautophagy in Pichia pastoris: Identification of Specific Steps and Morphological Intermediates J. Cell Biol., May 4, 1998; 141(3): 625 - 636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Elgersma, M. Elgersma-Hooisma, T. Wenzel, J. M. McCaffery, M. G. Farquhar, and S. Subramani A Mobile PTS2 Receptor for Peroxisomal Protein Import in Pichia pastoris J. Cell Biol., February 23, 1998; 140(4): 807 - 820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. N. Faber, J. A. Heyman, and S. Subramani Two AAA Family Peroxins, PpPex1p and PpPex6p, Interact with Each Other in an ATP-Dependent Manner and Are Associated with Different Subcellular Membranous Structures Distinct from Peroxisomes Mol. Cell. Biol., February 1, 1998; 18(2): 936 - 943. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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E. A.C. Wiemer, T. Wenzel, T. J. Deerinck, M. H. Ellisman, and S. Subramani Visualization of the Peroxisomal Compartment in Living Mammalian Cells: Dynamic Behavior and Association with Microtubules J. Cell Biol., January 13, 1997; 136(1): 71 - 80. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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ErikA.C. Wiemer, GeorgH. Luers, K. Faber, T. Wenzel, M. Veenhuis, and S. Subramani Isolation and Characterization of Pas2p, a Peroxisomal Membrane Protein Essential for Peroxisome Biogenesis in the Methylotrophic Yeast Pichia pastoris J. Biol. Chem., August 2, 1996; 271(31): 18973 - 18980. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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