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Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Vol. 49, 501-510, April 2001, Copyright © 2001, The Histochemical Society, Inc.

ARTICLE

Differential Distribution of Sialic Acid in {alpha}2,3 and {alpha}2,6 Linkages in the Apical Membrane of Cultured Epithelial Cells and Tissues

Fausto Ulloaa and Francisco X. Reala
a Unitat de Biologia Cel.lular i Molecular, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

Correspondence to: Francisco X. Real, Unitat de Biologia Cel.- lular i Molecular, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: preal@imim.es

We used lectin cytochemistry and confocal microscopy to examine the distribution of sialic acid in epithelial cells. Maackia amurensis lectin and Sambuccus nigra agglutinin were used to detect {alpha}2,3 and {alpha}2,6 sialic acid, respectively. In Caco-2, HT-29 5M12, and MCF-7 cells, which express sialic acid mainly in one type of linkage, the majority of the signal was observed in the apical membrane. In cells that bound both lectins, {alpha}2,3 sialic acid was distributed apically, whereas {alpha}2,6 sialic acid showed a broader distribution. In IMIM-PC-1 cultures, {alpha}2,3 sialic acid was detected mainly in the apical membrane, whereas {alpha}2,6 sialic acid was more abundant in the basoleral domain of polarized cells. In these cells, treatment with GalNAc-O-benzyl led to reduced {alpha}2,3 levels and to an increase and redistribution of {alpha}2,6 to the apical domain. Similarly, sialic acid was predominantly expressed apically in all epithelial tissues examined. In conclusion, (a) sialic acid is mainly distributed to the apical membrane of epithelial cells, (b) there is a hierarchy in the distribution of sialic acids in polarized epithelial cells, i.e., {alpha}2,3 is preferred to {alpha}2,6 in the apical membrane, and (c) IMIM-PC-1 cells are a good model in which to study the regulation of the levels and distribution of sialic acids. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:501–509, 2001)

Key Words: lectin cytochemistry, confocal microscopy, sialic acid, epthelial cells


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