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Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Vol. 50, 71-80, January 2002, Copyright © 2002, The Histochemical Society, Inc.

ARTICLE

Morphological Characteristics of the Microvasculature in Healing Myocardial Infarcts

Guofeng Rena, Lloyd H. Michaela, Mark L. Entmana, and Nikolaos G. Frangogiannisa
a Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Methodist Hospital and DeBakey Heart Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

Correspondence to: Nikolaos G. Frangogiannis, Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza M/S F-602, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail: ngf@bcm.tmc.edu

Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with an angiogenic response, critical for healing and cardiac repair. Using a canine model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, we examined the structural characteristics of the evolving microvasculature in healing MI. After 7 days of reperfusion, the infarcted territory was rich in capillaries and contained enlarged, pericyte-poor "mother vessels" and endothelial bridges. During scar maturation arteriolar density in the infarct increased, and a higher percentage of microvessels acquired a pericyte coat (60.4 ± 6.94% after 28 days of reperfusion vs 30.17 ± 3.65% after 7 days of reperfusion; p<0.05). The microvascular endothelium in the early stages of healing showed intense CD31/PECAM-1 and CD146/Mel-CAM immunoreactivity but weak staining with the Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I (GS-I). In contrast, after 28 days of reperfusion, most infarct microvessels demonstrated significant lectin binding. Our findings suggest that the infarct microvasculature undergoes a transition from an early phase of intense angiogenic activity to a maturation stage associated with pericyte recruitment and formation of a muscular coat. In addition, in the endothelium of infarct microvessels CD31 and CD146 expression appears to precede that of the specific sugar groups that bind the GS-I lectin. Understanding of the mechanisms underlying the formation and remodeling of the microvasculature after MI may be important in designing therapeutic interventions to optimize cardiac repair. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:71–79, 2002)

Key Words: myocardial infarction, lectin, CD31, CD146, endothelium, angiogenesis, pericyte, {alpha}-smooth muscle actin, healing


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