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Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Vol. 51, 1073-1081, August 2003, Copyright © 2003, The Histochemical Society, Inc.

ARTICLE

All Three Promoters of the Acetyl-Coenzyme A-Carboxylase {alpha}-encoding Gene Are Expressed in Mammary Epithelial Cells of Ruminants

Adrian Molenaara, Jianqiang Maob, Kim Odena, and Hans-Martin Seyfertb
a Dairy Biotechnology, Food Science, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
b Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Dummerstorf, Germany

Correspondence to: Hans-Martin Seyfert, Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany. E-mail: seyfert@fbn-dummerstorf.de

The activity of the enzyme acetyl-CoA-carboxylase {alpha} (ACC-{alpha}) is rate limiting for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids. The encoding gene is expressed from three promoters in ruminants (PI–PIII). Their individual contribution to the formation of milk fat is unknown. Promoter-specific molecular probes were hybridized in situ to serial sections of mammary glands from cows and sheep to determine their developmental and spatial expression profile in the udder. We show that all three promoters are active in mammary epithelial cells (MECs) of udders from both species. This implies that, in principle, none of these promoters can be singled out as the key element controlling the ACC-{alpha}-related contribution to establishment of milk fat content, although the activity of PIII only is known to be disproportionally stimulated by lactation in MECs. We propose that all three promoters may be relevant for milk fat synthesis in cattle, whereas PII and PIII are crucial for milk fat formation in sheep. We show also that ACC-{alpha} synthesis is not strictly coupled to casein synthesis, particularly during pregnancy and involution. (J Histochem Cytochem 51:1073–1081, 2003)

Key Words: milk fat synthesis, acetyl-CoA carboxylase {alpha}, in situ hybridization, mammary gland, bovine, ovine, ruminants, promoters, gene expression


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