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Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry
Volume 52 (3): 355-360, 2004
Copyright ©The Histochemical Society, Inc.

Expression of Estrogen Receptors in Human Corpus Cavernosum and Male Urethra

Wolf Dietrich, Andrea Haitel, Johannes C. Huber and Werner J. Reiter

Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine (WD,JCH), University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pathology (AH), University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Urology (WJR), Korneuburg Hospital, Korneuburg, Austria

Correspondence to: Wolf Dietrich, MD, Div. of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Univ. of Vienna Medical School, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: wolf.dietrich{at}akh-wien.ac.at

Estrogen, largely produced in testis and adrenal gland, may play important roles in male reproduction. Most of the effects of estrogens are mediated by binding of estrogen to one or both of the two estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes {alpha} and ß. Recently, they have been described in testis, prostate, and efferent ducts, mostly in rodents. The goal of this study was to prove the evidence of ERs in human corpus cavernosum and male urethra, exploring the protein expression of these receptors by immunohistochemistry. Corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum smooth muscle was immunoreactive for the androgen receptor (AR), ER{alpha}, and strongly for ERß. Endothelial cells were negative for AR, sporadically positive for ER{alpha}, and positive for ERß. Urethral epithelium showed strong nuclear expression of AR, predominantly in the basal cell layer, and nuclear expression of ER{alpha} in the intermediate cells. ERß was highly expressed in almost all urethral nuclei and, much more weakly, in cytoplasm. Progesterone receptor (PGR) was negative in all cases and all tissues. These results represent the first report that ER{alpha} and particularly ERß are regularly expressed in human penile tissue. (J Histochem Cytochem 52:355–360, 2004)

Key Words: estrogen receptor-{alpha} • estrogen receptor-ß • androgen receptor • corpus cavernosum • endothelium • urethra


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