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Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry
Volume 52 (5): 671-682, 2004
Copyright ©The Histochemical Society, Inc.

Immunohistochemical Assessment of Fractalkine, Inflammatory Cells, and Human Herpesvirus 7 in Human Salivary Glands

Lisa R. Latchney, Margaret A. Fallon, David J. Culp, Harris A. Gelbard and Stephen Dewhurst

Center for Oral Biology (LRL,MAF,DJC), Center for Aging and Developmental Biology (HAG), Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology (SD), and the Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology (DJC), Neurology (HAG), and Microbiology and Immunology (SD), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York

Correspondence to: Dr. David J. Culp, Center for Oral Biology, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 611, Rochester, NY 14642-8611. E-mail: david_culp{at}urmc.rochester.edu

Human fractalkine (CX3CL1), a {delta}-chemokine, is implicated in the mediation of multiple cell functions. In addition to serving as a chemotactic factor for mononuclear cell subtypes, membrane-bound fractalkine may promote viral infection by interacting with virions that encode putative fractalkine-binding proteins. Fractalkine expression in normal epithelial tissues studied to date is either constitutive or is upregulated with inflammation. In salivary glands, the expression of fractalkine is unknown. Moreover, salivary glands are a major site for the persistent and productive infection by human herpesvirus (HHV)-7, which encodes two putative fractalkine-binding gene products, U12 and U51. Surprisingly, the cellular distribution of HHV-7 in major salivary glands has not been explored. We therefore determined by immunohistochemistry the cellular localization of fractalkine in three different salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and labial glands. Fractalkine expression was highly variable, ranging from high to undetectable levels. We further examined the association of fractalkine with inflammatory cell infiltration or HHV-7 infection of salivary epithelial cells. Inflammatory cells were always adjacent to epithelial cells expressing fractalkine, consistent with a function of fractalkine in inflammatory cell recruitment and/or retention in salivary glands. In contrast, HHV-7-infected epithelial cells did not always express fractalkine, suggesting that fractalkine may not be an absolute requirement for viral entry. (J Histochem Cytochem 52:671–681, 2004)

Key Words: chemokine • infection • parotid • submandibular • labial


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