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Originally published as JHC exPRESS on March 3, 2006.
doi:10.1369/jhc.5A6871.2006
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Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry
Volume 54 (7): 763-771, 2006
Copyright ©The Histochemical Society, Inc.

AM-3K, an Anti-macrophage Antibody, Recognizes CD163, a Molecule Associated with an Anti-inflammatory Macrophage Phenotype

Yoshihiro Komohara, Junko Hirahara, Tomohiro Horikawa, Kyoko Kawamura, Emi Kiyota, Naomi Sakashita, Norie Araki and Motohiro Takeya

Department of Cell Pathology (YK,JH,TH,KK,EK,NS,MT) and Department of Tumor Genetics and Biology (NA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

Correspondence to: Motohiro Takeya, Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University 1-1-1, Honjo Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan. E-mail: takeya{at}kaiju.medic.kumamoto-u.ac.jp

CD163 is a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily restricted to the monocyte/macrophage lineage and is thought to be a useful marker for anti-inflammatory or alternatively activated macrophages. In this study we used mass spectrometric analysis to determine that the antigen recognized by the antibody AM-3K, which we previously generated as a tissue macrophage-specific monoclonal antibody, was CD163. An anti-inflammatory subtype of macrophages stimulated by dexamethasone or interleukin-10 showed strong reactivity for AM-3K and increased expression of CD163 mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining of routinely processed pathological specimens revealed that AM-3K recognized a specialized subpopulation of macrophages. In granulomatous diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, or foreign body reactions, tissue macrophages around granulomas, but not component cells of the granulomas such as epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells, showed positive staining for AM-3K. In atherosclerotic lesions, scattered macrophages in diffuse intimal lesions were strongly positive for AM-3K, whereas foamy macrophages in atheromatous plaques demonstrated only weak staining. We therefore suggest that, in routine pathological specimens, AM-3K is a useful marker for anti-inflammatory macrophages because these cells can be distinguished from inflammatory or classically activated macrophages. Because AM-3K cross-reacts with macrophage subpopulations in different animal species including rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, goats, pigs, bovine species, horses, monkeys, and cetaceans, it will have wide application for detection of CD163 in various animals. (J Histochem Cytochem 54:763–771, 2006)

Key Words: macrophage heterogeneity • granulomatous diseases • atherosclerotic lesions • macrophage markers • CD163


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