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Actin-binding Proteins Coronin-1a and IBA-1 Are Effective Microglial Markers for Immunohistochemistry

Zeshan Ahmed, Gerry Shaw, Ved P. Sharma, Cui Yang, Eileen McGowan and Dennis W. Dickson

Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida (ZA,EM,DWD); Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (GS,CY); and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (VPS)

Correspondence to: Dennis W. Dickson, MD, Neuropathology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224. E-mail: dickson.dennis{at}mayo.edu

This study identifies the actin-binding protein, coronin-1a, as a novel and effective immunohistochemical marker for microglia in both cell cultures and in formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Antibodies to coronin-1a effectively immunostained microglia in human, monkey, horse, rat, and mouse tissues, even in tissues stored for long periods of time. The identity of coronin-1a-immunoreactive cells as microglia was confirmed using double immunolabeling with cell type-specific markers as well as by morphological features and the distribution of immunoreactive cells. These properties are shared by another actin-binding protein, IBA-1. Unlike IBA-1, coronin-1a immunoreactivity was also detected in lymphocytes and certain other hematopoietic cells. The results indicate that both coronin-1a and IBA-1 are robust markers for microglia that can be used in routinely processed tissue of humans and animals. Because both coronin-1a and IBA-1 are actin-binding proteins that play a role in rearrangement of the membrane cytoskeleton, it suggests that these proteins are critical to dynamic properties of microglia. (J Histochem Cytochem 55:687–700, 2007)

Key Words: coronin-1a • IBA-1 • microglia • immunohistochemistry

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