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Originally published as JHC exPRESS on June 23, 2008.
doi:10.1369/jhc.2008.951137
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Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry
Volume 56 (12): 1049-1063, 2008
Copyright ©The Histochemical Society, Inc.

An Optimized Method for Histological Detection of Dopaminergic Neurons in Drosophila melanogaster

Daria Drobysheva1, Kristen Ameel1, Brandon Welch1, Esther Ellison, Khan Chaichana, Bryan Hoang, Shilpy Sharma, Wendi Neckameyer, Irina Srinakevitch, Kelley J. Murphy and Aloisia Schmid

Eccles Institute of Human Genetics (DD,KA,BW,EE,KC,BH,SS,AS) and Department of Neurology (KJM), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri (WN); and University of Marseilles, Marseilles, France (IS)

Correspondence to: Aloisia Schmid, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112. E-mail: atschmid{at}genetics.utah.edu

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects >1 million Americans and is marked by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. PD has been linked to two causative factors: genetic risks (hereditary PD) and environmental toxins (idiopathic PD). In recent years, considerable effort has been devoted to the development of a Drosophila model of human PD that might be useful for examining the cellular mechanisms of PD pathology by genetic screening. In 2000, Feany and Bender reported a Drosophila model of PD in which transgenic flies expressing human mutant {alpha}-synuclein exhibited shortened life spans, dopaminergic losses, Parkinsonian behaviors, and Lewy bodies in surviving dopaminergic neurons. Since then, a number of studies have been published that validate the model or build on it; conversely, a number report an inability to replicate the results and suggest that most protocols for dopaminergic histology underreport the actual numbers of dopaminergic neurons in the insect brain. Here we report the optimization of dopaminergic histology in Drosophila and identification of new dopaminergic neurons, show the remarkable dendritic complexity of these neurons, and provide an updated count of these neurons in adult brains. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org. Please visit this article online to view these materials. (J Histochem Cytochem 56:1049–1063, 2008)

Key Words: Drosophila • dopamine • histology • technique • fixation • Parkinson's disease


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