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REVIEW ARTICLE |
Antigen Retrieval Immunohistochemistry: Past, Present, and Future
Shan-Rong Shia, Richard J. Cotea, and Clive R. Tayloraa Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
Correspondence to: Clive R. Taylor, Dept. of Patholgy, University of Southern California School of Medicine, HMR 204A, 2011 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90033.
The antigen retrieval (AR) technique, which is predominantly based on high-temperature heating of tissues, is used as a non-enzymatic pretreatment for immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. It has been widely applied in pathology and analytical morphology. The existence of a growing body of literature on the AR technique raises a number of interesting issues for the further development of AR. These issues include the use of a "test battery" and the concept of "maximal retrieval" applied to the selection of optimal test protocols for the standardization of AR. (J Histochem Cytochem 45:327-343, 1997)
Key Words: antigen retrieval, immunohistochemistry, microwave, formaldehyde, tissue fixation, antigen-antibody recognition, protein conformation
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