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ARTICLE |
Improvement of Non-radioactive In Situ Hybridization in Human Airway Tissues: Use of PCR-generated Templates for Synthesis of Probes and an Antibody Sandwich Technique for Detection of Hybridization
Maja Divjaka, Eric M. Glarea, and E. Haydn Waltersa,ba Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University Medical School, Melbourne, Australia
b Discipline of Medicine, University of Tasmania Medical School, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
Correspondence to: Maja Divjak, Dept. of Medicine, Monash University Medical School, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia. E-mail: Maja.Divjak@med.monash.edu.au
We describe the use of non-traditional methods of probe synthesis and quantification and detection of hybridization that appreciably improved non-radioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) in human airway tissue. To avoid the problems of bacterial cloning, plasmid digestion, and probe hydrolysis, we synthesised complementary RNA probes (riboprobes) for ISH from PCR-generated DNA. DNA template was produced by nested PCR incorporation of T7 and SP6 RNA polymerase promoters. We then compared the efficiency of in vitro transcription from PCR-generated template with traditional plasmid template by quantifying the relative probe fluorescence in denaturing gels. Transcription with SP6 or T7 polymerase in either orientation produced TNF riboprobes from a single PCR-generated template more efficiently than from plasmid, providing there were no primer hairpin loops. Fluorescence quantification enabled equal amounts of probe label to be used in ISH, eliminating signals from the sense probe and demonstrating that probes transcribed from PCR templates were as sensitive as hydrolyzed probe transcribed from plasmid. Detection of ISH by a conventional anti-hapten, alkaline phosphatase-based technique was found to cause tissue damage due to extended substrate incubation at high pH. We therefore developed a four-layer, avidin–biotin–peroxidase technique that afforded greater sensitivity, allowing brief substrate incubation and resulting in structural preservation of tissue.
(J Histochem Cytochem 50:541–548, 2002)
Key Words: in situ hybridization, endobronchial biopsy, riboprobe, non-radioactive quantification, in vitro transcription, nested PCR, RNA polymerase promoter
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