Integrin-_v6, a Putative Receptor for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus, Is Constitutively Expressed in Ruminant Airways

Jeremy K. Brown ^1*, Sybil M. McAleese ¹, Elisabeth M. Thornton ¹, Judith A. Pate ¹, Alexandra Schock ¹, Alistair I. Macrae ¹, Philip R. Scott ¹, Hugh R.P. Miller ¹ and David D.S. Collie ¹

¹ Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, United Kingdom (JKB,SMM,EMT,JAP,AIM,PRS,HRPM,DDSC), and Mammalian Pathology, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) Lasswade, Midlothian, United Kingdom (AS)

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Jeremy.Brown2{at}ed.ac.uk.

Submitted on October 7, 2005
Accepted on 18 February 2006

	Abstract

Evolved functions of integrin-_v6 include roles in epithelial cell-extracellular matrix protein interactions and in the binding and activation of latent TGF-₁. Integrin-_v6 is also exploited as a receptor by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and may play a significant role in its transmission and pathogenesis. The ovine ₆ integrin subunit was cloned and sequenced (EMBL accession no. AJ439062). Screening of normal ovine tissues, by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry, confirmed that integrin-_v6 is restricted to epithelial cells in the sheep. Integrin-_v6 expression was detected in epithelia of the airways, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, sweat glands, hair follicle sheaths, and the epidermis of pedal coronary band (PB), but not of normal skin. Consistent with FMDV tropism, integrin-_v6 was detected within the basal layers of the stratified squamous epithelium of the oral mucosa and PB. In addition, integrin-_v6 appears to be constitutively expressed in the normal airways of both cattle and sheep. The latter finding suggests that ruminant airway epithelium presents a highly accessible target for initiation of infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus by inhalation.

Key Words: Picornavirus, TGF-₁-LAP, vesicular disease

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